SS-31
Also known as: Elamipretide, MTP-131
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting peptide investigated for reported effects on mitochondrial function. It is an investigational compound in clinical trials and is not approved for human use.
- Category
- Longevity / Mitochondrial
- Reported half-life
- Not well established
- Common forms
- Injectable solution (clinical trial formulations), Lyophilised powder (research preparations)
- Research status
- Investigational as elamipretide (MTP-131) in clinical trials for mitochondrial and related conditions; not approved for general human use in Australia. Trial results are still emerging.
- Last updated
- 21 June 2026
Claimed effects
The following effects are reported or claimed by users and in early research. They are not established medical facts and many are not supported by large human trials.
- Reported to target the inner mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin
- Studied for possible effects on mitochondrial energy production
- Investigated in trials for certain mitochondrial and cardiac conditions
- Reported to influence cellular oxidative stress in research models
How it is reported to work
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide proposed to concentrate in mitochondria and associate with cardiolipin, a lipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. By stabilising cardiolipin it is reported to support electron transport and reduce reactive oxygen species. These proposed mechanisms come from laboratory, animal and ongoing clinical research and are not yet established for general use.
Background
SS-31, also known as elamipretide or MTP-131, is a synthetic peptide designed to concentrate within mitochondria. It has been the subject of clinical trials in mitochondrial and cardiac conditions. This page is educational information, not medical advice, and the effects below are reported claims, not established facts.
What the research shows
SS-31 / elamipretide has progressed further than many research peptides, with clinical trial activity. However, results are still emerging and it is not approved for general human use, including in Australia. Findings in specific conditions should not be generalised.
| Evidence type | Status |
|---|---|
| Laboratory / animal studies | Present |
| Clinical trials (investigational) | Ongoing |
| General human approval | None |
What people use it for (reported)
Online, people report interest in SS-31 for energy, recovery and “anti-ageing.” These are anecdotal reports outside any approved indication, not validated outcomes. Reported benefits should not be read as proven, and nothing here is encouragement to use it.
Things to be aware of
SS-31 / elamipretide is investigational and not approved for general human use in Australia. Its safety and effectiveness remain under evaluation, and grey-market preparations cannot be verified for purity or identity. If you have a health concern, the appropriate step is to consult a qualified healthcare professional. This article does not recommend obtaining or using SS-31.
Reported positives & side effects
Compiled from research and community reports. These are reported outcomes, not guarantees or medical advice, individual experiences vary widely.
Reported positives
- Reported by users to be associated with improved energy and reduced fatigue
- Reported to target the inner mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin
- Reported to be studied for effects on mitochondrial energy production
- Reported to be investigated in trials for certain mitochondrial and cardiac conditions
- Reported to influence cellular oxidative stress in research models
Common side effects
- Reported injection-site redness, pain or irritation (noted in trial settings)
- Reported headache
- Reported transient fatigue or dizziness
- Reported gastrointestinal upset such as nausea
Rare / serious side effects
- Reported allergic or hypersensitivity reactions
- Reported infection risk from non-sterile reconstitution and injection of grey-market material
- Unknown long-term effects outside controlled trials
Reported misuse & overdose risks
What has been reported to happen with overuse, excessive dosing, or long-term misuse of SS-31. Listed so you can make an informed decision, not to suggest any use is safe.
- Reported self-injection of grey-market 'SS-31' of unverified purity or identity outside any trial
- Reported high-dose or prolonged use based on unproven anti-ageing claims
- Reported sharing or reusing needles when self-administering research material
- Reported substitution of approved medical care for serious mitochondrial or cardiac conditions
Reported results timeline
Roughly how long people report it takes to notice effects. A general guide from reports, not a promise, and not advice. Users report gradual, subjective energy changes over weeks, while clinical efficacy is still being evaluated in trials.
First effects
Some report subtle energy changes within the first couple of weeks
Noticeable change
Reported changes in energy or stamina over the first month
Clear results
Any reported sustained changes described over several weeks to months
Commonly reported dosing & protocol
Reported figures only, NOT a recommendation or dosing advice. These are numbers people report using, compiled for education so you can make an informed decision. We do not advise anyone to take SS-31. Many peptides are not approved for human use in Australia. Speak to a qualified healthcare professional.
| Route | Subcutaneous (SubQ) injection |
|---|---|
| Typical reported dose | Investigational; clinical trial dosing has been reported around 40 mg per day. NOT an approved medicine. |
| Frequency | Reported once daily in trial settings |
| Cycle length | Trial-defined; not established for general use |
Reported reconstitution (mg → units)
Example only: a 40 mg vial reconstituted with 2 mL of bacteriostatic water gives 20 mg/mL. A 40 mg dose is about 2 mL (200 units on a U-100 syringe); a 20 mg dose is about 1 mL (100 units).
Work out the units for your vial → CalculatorTrial protocols use defined dosing schedules; outside trials, reported use is described as cycles of several weeks of dosing then a break. This is reported information, not advice.
Best used with / commonly stacked with
Combinations people report using together. Reported, not recommended, stacking can increase risks.
Safety notes
SS-31 / elamipretide is investigational and not approved for general human use in Australia. Its safety and efficacy are still being evaluated in trials, and grey-market preparations cannot be verified for purity or identity. Anyone with a health concern should consult a qualified healthcare professional rather than self-experiment.